Liaison chimique

Abdelilah Chakra

Objectifs

la lumière des notions acquises en atomistique, l’objectif de ce module consiste à :

comprendre les notions d’orbitales moléculaires et de liaison chimique
bien assimiler le concept d’hybridation des orbitales atomiques,
établir la géométrie des édifices ioniques et covalents.

Programme

Liaison covalente
Théorie des orbitales moléculaires (Approximation LCAO)
Liaison ionique

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La liaison ionique Il peut y avoir un transfert d'électrons d'un atome à un autre. L'atome qui donne ses électrons se transforme en cation. L'atome qui reçoit les électrons se transforme en anion.

La liaison ionique est la force électrostatique entre deux charges opposées qui retient les ions ensemble dans un composé ionique. Cette liaison n'est pas directionnelle.

Anions et cations

• Les éléments les plus susceptibles de former des liaisons ioniques sont les métaux des groupes 1, 2 et 3 (cations) avec les halogènes ou l'oxygène (anions).

• Les charges des ions dépendent généralement du nombre d'électrons sur la couche externe (mais pas pour les métaux de transition) .

Abdelilah Chakra

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